You might wonder why the virus variants become more and more infectious? Realize that the virus needs a host to replicate. There are only so many available hosts. The more hosts you can infect the faster you will spread. So evolution creates the competition to survive and whoever does it best survives and spreads.
The more it spreads the less other variants can spread. Unless some other selection process supersedes the infectious one it will dominate, possibly for a long time.
The Vaccine prepares you body to fight it off. Keeping it out of your system is The vaccine can't keep you from being exposed but it can prepare you immune system to defeat it.
Many times when something makes us sick it is our immune responses that are the symptoms. The infection creates a battle where we create and deploy antibodies. This process creates symptoms such as fever, coughing and others dependent on the infection. If the antibodies can spring into action faster and easier we can avoid the worst symptoms, but are still "infected".
Vaccines are meant to help you avoid serious symptoms. They can't help you avoid contagion but a mask can. Perhaps the use of the term herd immunity is misleading. The immunity is to the disease symptoms caused by the immune response not to being infected. If the infection causes no real danger, that is enough.
Not getting vaccinated is a bit like playing Russian Roulette but every so often adding another bullet to the chamber. Surviving the early rounds only makes the later rounds more dangerous.
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